1. Macroeconomics: Fundamentals
1.1 Overview of Macroeconomics
1.2 Factors of Production
1.3 Circular Flow of Macroeconomic Activities
1.4 Measurement of Economic Activity
1.5 Economic Growth
1.6 Growth and Development
1.7 Economic Success
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Chapter Summary
2. Measurement of National Income
2.1 National Income Accounting
2.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
2.3 Gross National Product (GNP)
2.4 Measurement of GDP
2.5 Product or Value Added Method
2.6 Expenditure Method
2.7 Income Method
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Chapter Summary
3. Consumption and Savings
3.1 Consumption, Income, and Savings
3.2 Consumption Function and Marginal Propensity to Consume
3.3 Savings Function
3.4 Marginal Propensity to Save
3.5 National Savings Across the Globe
3.6 National Debt
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Chapter Summary
4. Investment
4.1 What is Investment?
4.2 Gross and Net Investment
4.3 Methods of Investment
4.4 Determinants of Investment
4.5 Domestic Private Investment
4.6 Foreign Direct Investment
4.7 Foreign Portfolio Investment
4.8 Investment Demand Curve
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Chapter Summary
5. Business Cycles
5.1 Concept of Business Cycles
5.2 Features of the Business Cycle
5.3 Peak and Trough
5.4 Reasons behind Business Cycles
5.5 Seasonality and Business Cycle
5.6 Recession
5.7 Policy Measures for Stability
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6. Money and Banking
6.1 Concept and History of Money
6.2 Demand and Supply of Money
6.3 Central Banks
6.4 Commercial Banks
6.5 The Modern Financial System
6.6 Evolution of the Banking System
6.7 The Modern Banking System
6.8 Central Bank of a Country
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7. Macroeconomic Policies
7.1 Policy Tools
7.2 Monetary Policy
7.3 Fiscal Policy
7.4 Fiscal Deficit
7.5 Inflation and Policy Measures
7.6 Unemployment and Economic Policy
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8. External Trade
8.1 Trade
8.2 Trade Balance
8.3 Balance of Payments
8.4 Current Account
8.5 Capital Account
8.6 Effect of BOP on the Economy
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9. Foreign Exchange Market
9.1 Bretton Woods Agreement and Gold Reserve System
9.2 Foreign Exchange Market
9.3 Determination of Currency Rate
9.4 Role of the Central Bank in the Forex Market
9.5 Fixed Rate vs Flexible Rate
9.6 Currency Rate and Foreign Trade
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10. Multilateral Institutions and Macroeconomic Policy
10.1 Importance of Multilateralism
10.2 Role of IMF
10.3 The World Bank
10.4 GATT and WTO
10.5 Regional Trade Agreements and Trade Blocks
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Chapter Summary